To form infinitives use
to + base form of the verb
I want to dance
To form negative infinitives use
Not + infinitive
He decided not to go to the party.
Infinitives in the subject position
To live in the United States is my dream
It is my dream to live in the United States.
Verbs that take infinitives
Verb + infinitives – agree, appear, decide
hope, intend, learn, offer, plan, seem, tend, wait, can afford
Verb + Noun phrase + infinitive – cause, convince, force, invite, order, persuade, remind, tell, trust, warn, advise, encourage
Verbs that come directly after the infinitive or have a noun phrase – ask, beg, choose, expect, need, want, would like, promise
Adjectives followed by infinitives
Afraid, amazed, anxious, ashamed, careful, delighted, eager, fortunate, glad, happy, lucky, pleased, ready, sad, sorry,
Infinitive of purpose
In order to
I came here in order to learn.
Infinitive with too and enough
too + adjective or adverb + infinitive
She is too young to vote.
Adjective or adverb + enough + infinitive
They are old enough to vote.
Gerundsoften follow verbs that indicate that an action is happening or has happened.
The action expressed by the verb comes at the same time or after the action expressed by the gerund.
We enjoy going to concerts.
(you can only enjoy things you are doing or have done –
not things you haven’t done yet.)
Infinitives often follow verbs that indicate that an action will or could happen.
The action expressed by the verb comes before the action expressed by the infinitive.
We hope to go to the concert.
(You can hope for things that could happen
not things that have already happened)
Verbs that are followed by
a noun phrase + infinitive
can also be followed by a gerund.
The gerund makes it general and the infinitive make specific the person indicated.
They allow smoking in this building.
They allowed me to smoke in the house.
These verbs are:
advise
allow
encourage
permit
require
urge
Some verbs can be followed by both gerund or infinitive with no change in meaning.
Begin, hate, like,
start, love, prefer, continue
I like *****ng.
I like to cook.
She started losing weight
She started to lose weight.
Some verbs although they can be used after both gerunds and infinitives have a difference in meaning.
remember
forget
regret
stop
try
get
She stopped smoking.
She stopped to smoke.
They forgot buying bread.
They forgot to buy bread.
Used to
Be used to
Get used to
Used to + base form
Be used to + gerund
Get used to + gerund
Verbs of perception:
infinitives: from start to finish
Gerunds: in progress
I heard the children cry.
I saw your friends walking in the park.
Infinitive forms are not used after the following verbs of perception:
feel
see
hear
smell
When a specific performer of the gerund action needs to be indicated, a possessive noun or a possessive determiner is used.
I really appreciate Karen’s/her writing that letter for me.
Peter’s/his coming late really annoys me.
Your neglecting your teeth will cause an earlier return to the dentist.
Their denying the allegation was understandable.
I didn’t like the dog’s barking all night.
I don’t mind his leaving early.
(formal)
I don’t mind him leaving early.
(informal
brb,,:24ar:
Gerunds and infinitives
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